Human Resources Report Index-Summary

PAID TIME OFF

– Bank system, increase in employers offering, 741
– Long-term paid leave, policy perspectives from advocates, DOL, business, 658
– Sick leave

See SICK LEAVE

PAPER INDUSTRY

– Ga.-Pac. Consumer Prods., ADA, reassignment accommodation requirement (10th Cir.), 661
– NewPage, ERISA, delayed plant closure not fiduciary breach, severance pay denial (E.D. Wis.), 524

PARENTAL LEAVE

See FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE

PARKING

– Qualified tax-free benefits unchanged, 2011, 1384

PART-TIME EMPLOYEES

– Earnings penalty contributes to gender pay gap, JEC analysis, 462

PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT (PPACA)

– Adult child coverage, age 26 rule

– – College students, HHS recommendations, 461
– – Insurance providers, interim final rule issued, 511; rules called cleared by practitioners, 545; employer implementation, questions remain, 593; premium costs low under law, 629
– – Tax treatment, IRS guidance issued, 461

– “Cadillac plan” excise tax effective 2018, avoidance strategies, 601
– Caps on claims, outlook gloomy for mini-med plans, limited benefit plans, 546
– Communication to workers about choices, challenges, 742
– Compliance

– – Appeals process, claims and coverage, interim final rule, 792
– – Attorneys advise employers to comply, repeals unlikely, 584
– – Challenges, benefit attorneys on, 341; correction, 433
– – Collaborative rulemaking on dependent definition, grandfathered plans, 517
– – Coverage options, employers assessing, IFEP survey, 687
– – Deadlines, effective dates for tax provisions, chart, 489
– – Employer-provided plans, long-term viability queried, 1049
– – Essential health benefits, advice offered, 1330
– – Health insurance, affordability, analysis, 490
– – Long-term strategies regarding plan changes, ALI-ABA webcast, 769
– – Open enrollment season

– – – Appendix: DOL model notices, WFS 31 (8/23/10)
– – – Challenges, WFS 5 (8/23/10)
– – – Communications strategies, WFS 22 (8/23/10)
– – – Coverage extension, WFS 7 (8/23/10)
– – – Exclusions, limitations, requirements, WFS 12 (8/23/10)
– – – Health care cost trends, WFS 15 (8/23/10)
– – – Impact on future plans, WFS 28 (8/23/10)
– – – Step-by-step action plan, WFS 26 (8/23/10)

– – Penalties

See Penalties, this heading

– – SPD updates, notification, dependent coverage, reporting and disclosure, benefits attorney on, 434
– – Wellness and prevention program incentives, small businesses, attorney speaker, 434

– Cost containment tips, strategies, 964
– Family health care costs, 2010 Milliman Medical Index, 518
– Grandfathered plans

– – Employer participation, 2011, Mercer survey, 960
– – Hikes in deductibles or copayments, large benefits cuts barred, DOL, HHS, Treas. Dep't interim final rules, 654; cost-sharing flexibility, AHIP comment letter, 937; guidance, DOL releases FAQs, 1102; EBSA release of fourth set of FAQs, 1186; status retention under interim final rules, 1240; challenges for health benefit plan sponsors, Special Report, 1314
– – Large firms' 2011 benefit changes, NBGH survey, 904
– – Losing status, factors, attorney discussion, 1020
– – Provisions, employer assessment on option-by-option basis, conference, 714

– Health care spending projections, CMS report, 962
– Highly-paid employees, 105(h) nondiscrimination rules, sanctions, 1020; reasonable interpretation of provision urged, 1132; groups express concerns, 1300
– Implementation, HR focus, 718
– Information collection extensions, EBSA seeks comments, 1355
– Insurers, HMOs, 2011 cost increase, survey, 906
– Job-based coverage declined since recession, law effects uncertain, EBRI report, 517
– Medicare cuts could raise costs for large employers, analyst identifies offsets, grandfather effects, 629
– MEWAs, expanded rule enforcement, Borzi comments, 1107
– Minimum coverage requirements

– – Health benefits packages, concepts defined, 546
– – Liberty Univ., constitutionality under Commerce Clause (W.D. Va.), 1297

– Nondiscrimination requirements, 1132
– Nongrandfathered plans, preventive care services, websites list, 1386
– Nursing mothers, breastfeeding

See BREASTFEEDING AT WORK

– Penalties

– – Cheaper to drop coverage and pay fines

– – – Coverage continuation, cost issues, 770
– – – Financial and risk implications, 804
– – – Guidon Performance Solutions, discussion, 573
– – – Multistate, constitution, 2 key claims (N.D. Fla.), 1102
– – – Standing, constitutionality (U.S., rev den), 1215

– – Employer fines summarized, CRS report, 544
– – Health Care Mandate Cost Calculator, online tool from Natl. Retail Fed'n, 572
– – “Tax penalty,” constitutionality challenge (N.D. Fla.), 543

– Post-reform cost increases likely before declining, 461
– Regulations, DOL, HHS, Treas.

– – Claims and appeals procedures

– – – External reviews, self-insured plans, interim guidance, 931
– – – Grace period, safe harbor for internal processes, 1016
– – – Time limits for employers, 825

– – “Group health plans” and “pre-existing condition exclusion” interim final rules revise, 684; proposed Treas. and IRS rules, notice, 713; open enrollment for children's pre-existing condition policies, 826
– – Information collection extensions, EBSA seeks comments, 1047
– – Preventive services, interim final rules, 765

– Retirees

– – Drug subsidy tax, ABC urges repeal, 349
– – Early Retiree Reinsurance Program

See EARLY RETIREMENT

– – Health insurance, compliance advise to employers, 405

– Small businesses

– – Cost-related anxiety, Chamber survey, 1051
– – Eligibility, tax credits, calculations, claims, IRS guidance, 543; final guidance issued, 1294
– – Nonelective contributions, IRS guidance, 486
– – Paying fines over buying health care coverage, Chamber forum, 825
– – Reporting requirements, critique, Senate hearing, 1271
– – Transition relief, IRS FAQ, 376

– Social Security, excise tax, trustees' report, 891
– Strategic questions for employer consideration, list, 1106
– Va., constitutional challenge granted (E.D. Va.), 1355

PAY EQUITY

– Colo., gender fairness law creates commission, 600
– Discrimination

See specific types of discrimination or harassment

– Gender gap

– – Earnings less than men in same job, survey, 917
– – JEC report, 948
– – Managers, 2007, GAO report, 1079
– – Median earnings, occupation, analysis of BLS data, 435
– – Part-time earnings penalty factor, JEC analysis, 462
– – Spain, survey, 753

– Natl. Equal Pay Day, Obama proclamation, 443
– OFCCP's Shiu on new initiative, partnering with EEOC, 881
– Paycheck Fairness Act

– – Bills

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 12, S 182, S 3772

– – Lilly Ledbetter

See LILLY LEDBETTER FAIR PAY ACT

– – Obama administration enforcement will continue despite failure to pass bill, 1396

– Sex bias in hiring, pay and promotions, pharmaceutical firm settlement (S.D.N.Y.), 878

PBGC

See PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION (PBGC)

PDA

See PREGNANCY DISCRIMINATION ACT (PDA)

PENALTIES

– BP refinery explosion, record fine, OSHA accord, 876
– Hiring illegal aliens

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 4627

– Independent contractor misclassifications, Neb., bill signed, 404
– Minimum wage

See specific states

– Multiemployer plans, underfunding, DOL final rule, 207
– PBGC, premium relief, technical update, 657
– PPACA

See PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT (PPACA)

– Religious bias, prison head scarf ban upheld (3d Cir.), 848
– Safety and health

– – Child labor, DOL, 657
– – Combustible dust, sugar refinery settlements (OSHRC), 738
– – Mine safety reform

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 5663, S 3671

– – OSHA

– – – Egregious citations, labor, industry offer differing views on use, 215
– – – Increase for serious violations, states support/nonsupport, 1305
– – – Training, PPE violations, per-employee fines authorized (D.C. Cir.), 439

– – Protecting Am.'s Workers Act

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2067, S 1580

– U.K., data security breaches, reporting, sanctions, 194

PENNSYLVANIA

– ADEA

– – HR manager firing for botched incidents, claim not bias or retaliation (3d Cir.), 1389
– – Phil., atty. failure to file charge within 300 days (3d Cir.), 1082

– Breach of contract, indefinite agreement terminable at will (E.D. Pa.), 79
– FLSA collective actions, state wage law class actions, brief filed (3d Cir.), 95
– Human Rights Act, FMLA retaliation, firing after invoking rights (M.D. Pa.), 105
– Minimum Wage Act, domestic services exemption (Pa. Comm. Ct.), 1278
– Sex bias, retaliation, arbitration compelled for retail worker, may litigate state tortious (E.D. Pa.), 1392
– Trade secrets misappropriation, bakery executive bar to competitor employment (3d Cir.), 860

PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION (PBGC)

– Debt collection method rules, 1218
– Defined benefit plans

See generally DEFINED BENEFIT PLANS

– ERISA §4062(e), plant closings, reporting and liability requirements, proposed clarification rule, 877
– Multiemployer plans, extension of notice and reporting rules, comments sought, 1244
– Premium filings

– – Instructions, 2011, 1384
– – Relief, technical update, 657

– Underfunded plan takeovers, News-Journal, 907
– Waivers and reporting requirements, 2011 guidance, 1328

PENSION PROTECTION ACT (PPA)

– Liability-driven investing strategies to avoid risks, 43

PENSIONS

– Assets, 2009 3d quarter, report, 152
– Communication strategies, trends and changes, 229
– Contribution limits, 2011, 1161
– Defined benefit plans

See DEFINED BENEFIT PLANS

– Defined contribution plans

See DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS

– ERISA

See ERISA

– Fee disclosure, proposal amending qualified default investment alternative, 1300
– Fiduciary breach

See FIDUCIARY DUTY

– Financial success, personality traits, predictors, 876
– Financial system regulatory reform bill

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 4173

– Form 5500 reporting rules

– – Comments sought, 963
– – Election of funding relief, IRS notice, 850

– 401(k) plans

See 401(k) PLANS

– France, reform bill ratified, constitutional challenge, 1158
– Funding relief

– – Administration endorsement carries four qualifications, 400
– – Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 3962

– Funding status

– – Large corporate plans, 2009 gains, Towers Watson analysis, 406
– – Milliman 100 index, Dec., 2009, 99
– – S&P 1500 firms, Aug., 2010, 965

– Income adequacy, Hewitt study, 518
– Investment advice, class exemption, DOL proposed rule, 237
– Liability-driven investing strategies to avoid risks, 43
– Middle Class Task Force report, 238
– Multiemployer plans

See MULTIEMPLOYER PLANS

– Older workers postponing retirement, report, 211
– Participation rates, 1977-2007, report, 1021
– PPA

See PENSION PROTECTION ACT (PPA)

– Public vs. private sector, access, BLS survey, 797
– Reform, legislative analysis, 415
– Retirement confidence survey, 293
– Retirement income gap, $6.6T projection, 1021
– Retirement security, Obama policies, legislative proposals, 349
– Savings for Am. Families' Future Act

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 1961, S 3090

– Small businesses

– – Boost from health care taxes, 378
– – Contributions, safe harbor, DOL final rule, 71
– – Options, DOL and AICPA website launched, 1131

– Spain, reform plan, proposed retirement age extension, 194

PEOs (PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYER ORGANIZATIONS)

See HUMAN RESOURCES SERVICE PROVIDERS

PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS

– USERRA, PIP extension during military leave (1st Cir.), 1195

PERSONAL LEAVE

– “Use it or lose it policy” illegal, damages retroactive (Cal. Super. Ct.), 935

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

– Donning and doffing

See CLOTHES CHANGING

– OSHA standard, revisions proposed, 578
– Respirators

See MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

PETROLEUM

See OIL AND GAS

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

– Astra USA, sexual harassment, CEO libel claims dismissed (U.S., rev den), 542
– Boehringer Ingelheim Pharms., age bias, sales rep firing nondiscriminatory (7th Cir.), 1304
– Bristol-Myers Squibb Mfg., opposition, assistance to sexually harassed subordinate protected activity (1st Cir.), 884
– GlaxoSmithKline

– – FMLA, demotion after pregnancy leave based on poor performance (11th Cir.), 384
– – Overtime, sales reps' appeal to outside sales exemption (9th Cir., brief filed), 901

– Johnson & Johnson, overtime administrative exemption, sales representative, duties (3d Cir.), 131
– Merck, job cuts, restructuring, 740
– Novartis

– – Overtime, drug reps, FLSA “outside sales” or administrative exemption application (2d Cir.), 746
– – Sex bias in pay and promotions, sales reps' class action, punitive damages (S.D.N.Y.), 539; settlement, preliminary approval, 763; oral approval, 1267; final approval, 1299

– Pfizer

– – Plant closings, job cuts, 544
– – Race bias, “monkey” remark about project, not plaintiff (6th Cir.), 352; (U.S., rev den), 1184
– – Stock options inquiry, no fiduciary breach for misstatements (2d Cir.), 946

– PharMethod, noncompete agreements, preliminary injunction vacated, remanded with guidance (3d Cir.), 635
– Purdue Pharma, FCA, severance pay exchange, waiver bars claim (U.S., rev den), 1100
– Sales reps' overtime class actions, trends, cost avoidance, BNA Insights, 1087
– Sanofi-Aventis, sex bias in hiring, pay and promotions, settlement (S.D.N.Y.), 878
– Schering-Plough, ERISA stock drop, class certification requirement (3d Cir.), 20
– Wyeth Pharm., PIP extension during military leave (1st Cir.), 1195

PHARMACIES

– Giant, disability bias, reasonable accommodation (4th Cir.), 885
– RiteAid, ADA, night driving impairment, day shift accommodation revived (3d Cir.), 408
– Walgreens, race bias, retaliation, threatening phone message not adverse action (11th Cir.), 548

PHYSICIANS

– Fit-tested respirators, Cal. Pub. Health Dept. guidance, 1222
– H1N1, CDC revised guidance, 685; groups offer differing views, 831
– HIV/AIDS and TB, United Nations issues guidelines, 1305
– Hospital residents work hours, OSHA regulation, 970
– Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 3962

– Sexual harassment, retaliation, totality of the circumstances standard, clinic (5th Cir.), 17

PILOTS

– Safety and training improvements

– – Airline Safety and Pilot Training Improvement Act

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 3371

– – Antidepressant usage, FAA lifts flying ban, 376
– – Fatigue rule, FAA flight and duty time limits and rest requirements, updates, 991; rejection of extension requests, 1137; differing views over cost estimates, 1276

PLANT CLOSINGS

– Electronically stored information, discovery, analysis of legal holds, preservation, other critical issues, 388
– ERISA

– – Adequacy of class counsel, recertification denial remanded (3d Cir.), 608
– – Delayed closure not fiduciary breach, severance pay denial (E.D. Wis.), 524
– – §4062(e), reporting and liability requirements, PBGC clarification rule, 877

– Lockheed Martin, Minn. facility, 1269
– Pfizer, 544
– Solo Cup, Md., Mass., Mo. facilities, 628
– WARN Act

See WORKER ADJUSTMENT AND RETRAINING NOTIFICATION (WARN) ACT

POLICE

See LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES

POLITICAL ACTIVITIES

– Campaign finance restrictions, PAC funding, Citizenship United

– – Censorship, 1st Amend. challenge to FEC rule on corporate and union PAC funding (U.S., rev den), 68
– – Democracy is Strengthened by Casting Light on Spending in Elections Act (DISCLOSE Act)

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 5175, S 3295

– HR departments, challenges, hot topics, 929
– Midterm elections, Obama on bipartisanship message, 1188
– “Tokenism,” Trumka warning on political fallout from Hill handling of health care, jobs, 52

PORTAL-TO-PORTAL ACT

– FLSA donning and doffing time

See generally CLOTHES CHANGING

POSTAL SERVICE (USPS)

– Administrative separation, no breach of settlement or retaliation (8th Cir.), 888
– Sex bias, retaliation, breaks policy, vacated (1st Cir.), 549
– Sexual harassment, retaliation, untimely internal complaint, denial of equitable tolling (5th Cir.), 75

POSTING NOTICES

– Electronic, policy adopted (NLRB), 1157
– NLRA rights

– – All employees under NLRB jurisdiction, comments, 1382
– – DOD, GSA, NASA rule for federal contractors, 1351
– – OLMS final rule, 539; OFCCP enforcement directive issued, 683

POSTLIMINARY ACTIVITIES

See PRELIMINARY AND POSTLIMINARY ACTIVITIES

POULTRY PROCESSING

– Allen Family Food, donning and doffing (U.S., rev den), 1075
– Donning and doffing of protective gear, compensable time, WHD Interpretation, 653
– Pilgrim's Pride, illegal hiring practices, accord, 11
– Tyson Foods

– – Clothes changing, injunction for back overtime pay (N.D. Ala.), 595; accord indicates trend for DOL systemic enforcement, 640
– – Sexual harassment, response to complaint inadequate (6th Cir.), 438

PPA

See PENSION PROTECTION ACT (PPA)

PPACA

See PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT (PPACA)

PPE

See PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

PREEMPTION

– Controlled Substances Act, medical marijuana, federal drug law preempts Or. accommodation law (Or.), 433
– ERISA

– – Breach of contract

– – – Incentives, profit-sharing, 401(k) matching contributions (S.D.N.Y.), 106
– – – N.H., severance-related (D.N.H.), 245

– – Play or pay, San Francisco health care ordinance, solicitor gen. brief filed (U.S.), 596; employer mandates upheld (rev den), 710
– – Wis. FMLA leave substitution law, insurer challenge (S.D. Ohio), 1056

– FAA

– – Cal. law invalidation of class arbitration waiver (U.S., rev grant), 569; Supreme Court docket, 1069; (oral arg), 1213
– – Ky., state bar on enforcement of mandatory arbitration clauses (W.D. Ky.), 133

– IRCA

– – Ariz. law revoking business license for illegal hiring (U.S., brief filed), 626; preemption key issue, split of authority cited (rev grant), 708; Supreme Court docket, 1069; (U.S., oral arg), 1325
– – Okla. immigration law, application of E-Verify rules to state contractors (10th Cir.), 122

– MHPAEA, stricter state laws, no bar, pointers from Treas. Dep't official, 265
– RLA, N.Y. law challenges to validity of APFA concessions pact barred, no right to sue air carrier (U.S., rev den), 711

PREGNANCY DISCRIMINATION

– Attorneys offer advise for reducing claims, 1257
– Cal., janitorial service contractor charged (N.D. Cal.), 991
– Ky., ADA, transfer claim revived, not discharge (6th Cir.), 909
– Limited leave options, return to work, male replacement less qualified (E.D. Ark.), 1193
– Training, HR specialist pretext claim insufficient (D. Kan.), 1334

PREGNANCY DISCRIMINATION ACT (PDA)

– Pleadings, proof deficient, bank teller's failed claims (8th Cir.), 464
– Transfer for business reasons, employer unaware of condition, no adverse action (7th Cir.), 102

PRELIMINARY AND POSTLIMINARY ACTIVITIES

– Donning and doffing

See CLOTHES CHANGING

– Off-the-clock work

See OFF-THE-CLOCK WORK

– Technicians, company-issued vehicles, wage-hour class settlement (W.D. Wis.), 628

PRESCRIPTION DRUG BENEFITS

– Cost trend rates for 2011, report, 1107
– Health care reform effects, Medicare-eligible retirees, report, 13
– Price hikes between 2000-2008, GAO report, 42

PRESERVATION OF ACCESS TO CARE FOR MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES AND PENSION RELIEF ACT

– Form 5500 reporting rules, funding relief for single and multiemployer plans, IRS notices, 850; guidance released, 1296

PRESIDENT, U.S.

– Agency actions

See specific agencies and departments

– Appointments, Senate approves package of nominees, 179
– Bill signings

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL

– Meetings with Congressional leaders, bid for bipartisan accord on jobs, health care, deficit controls, 148
– Natl. Comm'n on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, appointments unveiled, 236

PREVAILING WAGES

– Determination requests, mailings, DOL on zip code changes, 264
– H-1B program, law firm disqualification for violations (DOL ALJ), 1365

PRINTING INDUSTRY

– Nahan Printing, religious bias, headwear ban for safety (8th Cir.), 352
– Wet Ink d/b/a AlphaGraphics, worksharing accord, state agency's loss of jurisdiction not binding on EEOC, timely suit revived (10th Cir.), 464

PRIVACY

– Background checks, NASA contractors constitutional right to privacy (U.S., rev grant), 260; Supreme Court docket, 1069
– China, Tort Liability Law, medical privacy provision, 54
– Company electronics, clear policies urged, 803
– Credit history checks for employment

See CREDIT REPORTS

– Cross-border data transfers, EU and U.S. firms, 445
– E-mail on company laptop, communication policy vague (N.J.), 355
– Electronic monitoring

See ELECTRONIC MONITORING

– Laptop theft, viability of negligence, breach of implied contract claims under Wash. law (9th Cir.), 1352
– Smoking, employer no-hire policies, bias issues, att'y discussion, 1338
– Wiretap Act, no liability without knowledge of illegality (7th Cir.), 1027

PRIVACY ACT

– Background checks for low-risk NASA contractors (U.S., rev grant), 260; Supreme Court docket, 1069

PROBATIONARY EMPLOYEES

– Race bias, fire department Internet policies violated (11th Cir.), 241

PRODUCTIVITY

– Abusive supervisors, impact on workplace, 148
– CFOs, checking in during vacation, survey, 708
– Coffee dependency, link to, survey, 1044
– Employer-paid household benefit for female scientists, effect, study, 110
– Gambling, impact of office pools, workplace policies survey, 161
– Gardening-at-work, effectiveness, benefits, 873
– Idle time, link with creative individuals, 456
– Nonfarm business sector, BLS, 2009 4th quarter, revised, 239; 2010 1st quarter, 603; 3d quarter, revised, 1302
– Online shopping during workday, Black Fri., Cyber Mon., tips offered, 1202
– Performance bonuses, incentive to cheat, study, 596
– Take Back Your Lunch campaign kick off, 651
– Tax filing deadline, distraction to workers, 373
– Team performance affected by superior competitive attitudes, 176
– World Cup Soccer, impact, Challenger report, 681

PROFESSIONAL SPORTS

– World Cup Soccer, impact on workplace productivity, Challenger report, 681

PROFIT-SHARING PLANS

– Wal-Mart, 2011 automatic contributions end, 1130

PROMOTIONS

– Discrimination

See specific types of discrimination

– Women, networking insufficiencies, study, 932

PROOF

See generally EVIDENCE
– Burden

See BURDEN OF PROOF

PROPERTY OF EMPLOYER

– ULPs, nonemployee union reps access to (NLRB), 1242

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ACT

– Rosa's Law

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 4544, S 2781

PUBLISHING INDUSTRY

– Newspapers

See NEWSPAPERS

– Universal Commc'ns of Miami, advertising sales, application of FLSA administrative exemption (2d Cir.), 78

PUERTO RICO

– E-Verify, birth certificate, document validity, 992; validity period extension, 1077
– National origin and sex bias, doctor's award voided (1st Cir.), 1024

PUNITIVE DAMAGES

– Sex bias

– – Pay and promotions, Wal-Mart class action, damages claims remanded (9th Cir., en banc), 455; (U.S., rev sought), 931; Supreme Court docket, 1069; opposition brief filed (U.S., brief filed), 1156; (U.S., rev grant), 1324
– – Pharmaceutical sales reps' class action, record verdict (S.D.N.Y.), 539; settlement, preliminary approval, 763; final approval, 1267

– Sexual harassment

– – Battery, reduced award (11th Cir.), 46; (U.S., rev den), 1076
– – Failure to investigate, reckless indifference (6th Cir.), 438